American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Pharmacist scope of practice: position paper. Annals of Internal Medicine. Jan. 1, 2002;136(1):79-85. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/136/1/79?ck=nck

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Statement on the Pharmacist's Role in Primary Care in Best Practices for Health-System Pharmacy, Positions and Practice Standards of ASHP 2001-2002. Medication Therapy and Patient Care. http://www.ashp.org/bestpractices/medtherapy/Specific_St_Primary.pdf.

Benjamin DM. Reducing medication errors and increasing patient safety: case studies in clinical pharmacology. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. July 2003;43(7):768-783.

Cross M. Increased pressures change P&T committee makeup. Managed Care. Dec. 2001;10(12). www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0112/0112.formularycomm.html

Cross M. Employers take the lead in drug benefit design. Managed Care. August 2004;13(8). http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0408/0408.employers.html

Curtis LH, Ostbye T, et al. Inappropriate prescribing for elderly Americans in a large outpatient population. Arch Intern Med. Aug 9-23, 2004;164(15):1621-5.

Dolan T. Pharmacist care an idea whose time is still coming. Managed Care. May 2004;13(5). http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0405/0405.pcare.html

Eichenholz J. Trends in managed care pharmacy: responding to changing environments. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. March/April 2002;8(2). http://www.amcp.org/amcp.ark?c=jmcp&sc=archives

Employer Benefit Research Institute. Prescription Drugs: Recent Trends in Utilization, Expenditures, and Coverage. Issue Brief. January 2004, no. 265. http://www.ebri.org/publications/ib/index.cfm?fa=ibDisp&content_id=493

Express Scripts. 2004 Drug Trend Report. June 2005. http://www.express-scripts.com/ourcompany/news/industryreports/drugtrendreport/2004/

Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, et al. Adverse drug events in ambulatory care. NEJM. April 17, 2003;348(16):1556-64.

Glabman M. Wish list: 10 things you want from your PBM. Managed Care. July 2004; 13(7). http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0407/0407.pbms.html

Governing. Bitter Pills. From the Government Performance Project. February 2004. http://www.governing.com/gpp/2004/drugs.htm

Hennessy S, Bilker W, Zhou L, et al. Retrospective drug utilization review, prescribing errors, and clinical outcomes JAMA. September 17, 2003;290(11):1494-1499.

Hoadley J. Cost containment strategies for prescription drugs: assessing the evidence in the literature. March 2005. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://www.kff.org/rxdrugs/7295.cfm

Hoffman JM, Shah ND, et al. Projecting future drug expenditures-2005. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., Jan 2005;62:149-167. http://www.ajhp.org/cgi/reprint/62/2/149.pdf

Huskamp HA, Deverka PA, et al. The effect of incentive-based formularies on prescription-drug utilization and spending. NEJM. December 4, 2003;349(23):2224-2232.

Institute for Safe Medication Practices, Health Research and Educational Trust, American Hospital Association. Pathways for Medication Safety. hhttp://www.medpathways.info/medpathways/index.jsp

Kass-Bartelmes BL, Bosco L. Prescription Drug Therapies - Reducing Costs and Improving Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Research in Action, Issue 8. September 2002. http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/rxtherapies/rxria.htm

Kleinke JD. Just what the HMO ordered: The paradox of increasing drug costs. Health Affairs. March/April 2000;19(2):78-91. http://www.healthaffairs.org

Law A, Okamoto M, Chang P. Prevalence and types of disease management programs in community pharmacies in California. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. July/August 2005;11(6): 505-512. http://www.amcp.org/data/jmcp/7.pdf

Maguire P. Doctor-pharmacist collaborations: cure for errors or threat to autonomy? ACP-ASIM Observer. March 2000. http://www.acponline.org/journals/news/mar00/collab.htm

Malkin JD, Goldman D, Joyce G. The changing face of pharmacy benefit design. Health Affairs. Jan/Feb 2004;23(1):194-199.

Mannebach MA, Ascione FJ, Gaither CA, et al. Activities, functions, and structure of pharmacy and therapeutics committees in large teaching hospitals. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. April 1, 1999;56(7):622-8.

Pedersen CA, Schneider PJ, Scheckelhoff DJ. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: prescribing and transcribing-2004. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., Feb 2005;62:378-390. http://www.ajhp.org/cgi/reprint/62/4/378.pdf

Pedersen CA, Schneider PJ, Scheckelhoff DJ. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: monitoring and patient education-2003. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., Mar 2004;61:457 - 471. http://www.ajhp.org/cgi/reprint/61/5/457.pdf

Reichert S, Simon T, Halm EA. Physicians' attitudes about prescribing and knowledge of the costs of common medications. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000;160(18):2799-803.

Scherer FM. The pharmaceutical industry - prices and progress. NEJM. August 26, 2004;351(9):927-932.

Teitelbaum F, Roe CM, Fendrick AM. Pharmacy management trends: a guide for new physicians. Seminars in Medical Practice. March 2000;3(1):29-36, 39.

Thomas CP. Incentive-based formularies. NEJM. December 4, 2003;349(23):2186-2188.

Wallack S, Weinberg D, Thomas C. Health plans' strategies to control prescription drug spending. Health Affairs, November/December 2004; 23(6):141-148.

Weiss G. Hire a pharmacist? Medical Economics. June 20, 2003;80(12):23-26. http://www.memag.com/memag/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=112460

Wilson Norton J, Fisk A, Lawless N. Managing prescribing cost and quality: one group’s experience. Group Practice Journal. October 2002;51(9). http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/136/1/79?ck=nck

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